second output is under the dust limit, and so such a transaction would be
non-standard.

This transfer, and indeed any transfer, can be accomplished by breaking the
transfer into multiple transactions, with each transaction performing one or
more splits and merging in padding outputs as needed.

To wit, Alice could perform the desired transfer in two transactions. The first
transaction would send sats [0,4] to Bob, and return as change sat [5,10] to
Alice. The second transaction would take as inputs an output of at least 4
sats, the change input, and an additional input of at least one sat; and create
an output of size 5 to Bob's address, and the remainder as a change output.
Both transactions avoid creating any non-standard outputs, but still accomplish
the same desired transfer of sats.

=== Objections ===

''Privacy: Ordinal numbers are public and thus reduce user privacy.''

The applications using ordinal numbers required them to be public, and reduce
the privacy of only those users that decide to use them.